Saturday, August 31, 2013

A Great Cloud of Witnesses

Proverbs 25:6-7

Do not put yourself forward in the king's presence
    or stand in the place of the great;
for it is better to be told, "Come up here,"
    than to be put lower in the presence of a noble.
     
Luke 14:1, 7-14

On one occasion when Jesus was going to the house of a leader of the Pharisees to eat a meal on the sabbath, they were watching him closely.

When he noticed how the guests chose the places of honor, he told them a parable. "When you are invited by someone to a wedding banquet, do not sit down at the place of honor, in case someone more distinguished than you has been invited by your host; and the host who invited both of you may come and say to you, `Give this person your place,' and then in disgrace you would start to take the lowest place. But when you are invited, go and sit down at the lowest place, so that when your host comes, he may say to you, `Friend, move up higher'; then you will be honored in the presence of all who sit at the table with you. For all who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted."

He said also to the one who had invited him, "When you give a luncheon or a dinner, do not invite your friends or your brothers or your relatives or rich neighbors, in case they may invite you in return, and you would be repaid. But when you give a banquet, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, and the blind. And you will be blessed, because they cannot repay you, for you will be repaid at the resurrection of the righteous."



               On June 20th my wife and I went with 14 other people on a two-week pilgrimage to Greece and Turkey in the steps of Saint Paul.  We traveled all over Greece.  We saw where Paul first landed in Europe at the ancient port of Neapolis, modern Kevala.  Our group went to Philippi, where Paul established his first congregation and was imprisoned.  We walked on the ancient Egnatian Way, the main Roman road through northern Greece, where Paul walked.  We strolled through bustling Thessaloniki, Greece’s second largest city, where Paul established his second church.  The adventurous ones in our group climbed the slick rock steps of Mar’s Hill where Paul explained the Christian faith to inquisitive Athenians.  There were few takers!  Our pilgrimage took us to the Bema, a large rectangular stone platform, in Corinth, where Paul was put on trial.  I stood on the stone foundation of the pier in Cenchreae, Corinth’s port, where Paul sailed for Ephesus.  We walked through the marble paved streets of ancient Ephesus, one of the largest cities of the Ancient World, and stood in the amphitheater, where almost 2,000 years ago, silversmiths, angry that Paul’s converts to Christianity were hurting their business, rioted shouting, “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!”    We also visited the house of the Virgin Mary, on Mt. Koressos, outside of ancient Ephesus, where according to tradition, she and the beloved disciple fled Roman persecution.

               In almost all of these sites I felt moved not only thinking about the apostle Paul, the Virgin Mary, and the first Christians but also about the millions of pilgrims who have visited and prayed over the centuries in these places.  Pilgrimage is an ancient Christian practice that has become popular again after years of neglect.  We all remember reading in school some of the Canterbury Tales told by pilgrims on their way to Thomas a Becket’s shrine in Canterbury.

               The Gospel lesson today reminds that we are part of a great tradition, part of a great line of believers, part of a great cloud of witnesses (Hebrews 12:2).  In a world that increasingly isolates and alienates us from one another, Jesus tells us that we are not alone.  He reminds us that we stand with faithful brothers and sisters across time and space and that he is always with us through the gift of the Holy Spirit.

               In today’s Gospel, Jesus refers to Proverbs 25:6-7, our first reading for today.  He advises the dinner guests to choose a seat of lower honor.  In the Ancient World, people carefully watched where each person sat and what they ate.  Honored guests sat near the host and ate the best food.  Jesus is giving very practical advice, but he is doing more than advising people how to navigate social situations.  He extolls the Christian theological virtue of humility.  People sometimes mistakenly think humility means to put yourself down.  The Holman Bible Dictionary helpfully defines it as “dependence upon God and respect for others.”[1]

 Greco-Roman society frowned upon humility.  They believed it was a degrading weakness.  New Testament professor Lois Dow writes, “Love of honor was a virtue, leading people to behave in ways that would bring honor from others, and to proclaim their merits publicly so that they would receive the honor due them.”[2]  Ancient Jews though believed humility was a virtue.  The prophet Micah says, “What does the LORD require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?” (Micah 6:8 NRSV).  Psalm 138 says, “For though the LORD is high, he regards the lowly; but the haughty he perceives from far away” (Psalm 138:6 NRSV).   When Jesus tells guests at the dinner to take a lower seat, he speaks firmly from the Jewish biblical tradition.  Jesus, of course, was a Jew.  He knew the scriptures. 

While Jesus, the Son of God, uniquely reunites a humanity separated from God and one another, he culminates a long string of God’s efforts.  God established a covenant with Abraham to create God’s people; gave the law to Moses to guide the Hebrew people into righteousness; established the nation of Israel to be a light to the world; and sent prophets to call the wayward people back to God’s holy ways.  Finally, God the Father sends the Son of God who willingly gives his body and blood to reunite us to Godself and to one another.  The story, of course, does not end there.  Christ sends the Holy Spirit to guide, to comfort and to strengthen us until he returns at the Second Coming.

Each one of us is a part of this great story of faith.  Each of us is a pilgrim traveling on the faith journey with millions of other believers.  Despite a myriad ways to connect with one another today through cell phones, text messaging, facebook, email, twitter, pinterest and more, at any given moment, 60 million Americans, 20% of our population feels alone.[3]  Feelings of loneliness and isolation are epidemic in our society.  The General Social Survey found that the number of people who believed they had no one with whom they could talk tripled between 1985 and 2004.[4]

Here at this altar we find our connection with God, one another, the saints who gone before us and the heavenly host.  Eucharist Prayer A says that we praise God, “joining our voices with Angels and Archangels and with all the company of heaven.”  The Eucharist is a moment that is in but beyond time.   We are united with God and with one another at the heavenly banquet table when we receive the bread and the wine, the body and blood of Jesus Christ.

Charles Hocking, the first rector I served at St. Paul’s, Cary in the 1990’s, said that he struggled after his parents died.  He was very sad.  He found consolation when he received the Eucharist because he knew that his parents were there at the altar rail with him.

We join the holy angels, the saints in light, and people of faith throughout the world when we come to this table.  In a world of increasing isolation, it is in the mystery of Christ’s body and blood that we are united with God, with one another, and with the saints who have gone before us in a great cloud of witnesses.

(This sermon was preached September 1, 2013 at St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Smithfield NC.)


[1] Gary Hardin, “Humility,” Holman Bible Dictionary, studylight.org, http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/view.cgi?number=T2902
[2] Lois Dow, Review of Humilitas: A Lost Key to Life, Love, and Leadership by John Dickson, McMaster Journal of Theology and Ministry, 13 (2011-2012), http://www.mcmaster.ca/mjtm/documents/13MJTMR4Dow_on_Dickson.pdf.
[3] John T. Cacioppo and William Patrick, Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection (New York: W.W. Norton, 2009), 5.
[4] Jaqueline Olds, The Lonely American: Drifting Apart in the Twenty-first Century (Boston: Beacon Press, 2010), 2.

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